Land survey refers to the activities of investigating, monitoring, statistically analyzing, and reporting on the natural attributes of land and their changes, as well as the status of basic farmland. It includes national land surveys, land change surveys, and special land surveys.

Land consolidation refers to activities aimed at improving land use efficiency and ensuring the sustainable use of land resources, including the rearrangement of improperly utilized land, the restoration of land damaged by production and construction activities or natural disasters, and the development of unused land.

Municipal engineering surveying refers to the surveying work carried out for the planning and design, construction setting-out, and completion acceptance of municipal engineering construction. Municipal engineering refers to the construction of municipal infrastructure facilities.

Various public infrastructure constructions for urban living support fall within the scope of municipal engineering. For example, common urban roads, bridges, subways, and various pipelines closely related to daily life (such as rainwater, sewage, water supply, electric power, telecommunications), as well as urban greening areas.

Hydrological surveying and mapping is a comprehensive surveying task primarily used in river management, water resource development, utilization, and protection. The main contents include plane and elevation control surveying, topographic surveying, and deformation observation.

Digital twin hydrology refers to the use of new-generation information technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence to collect full-scale data, achieve visual display of rivers, reservoirs, water network construction, and conduct intelligent simulation and forward-looking pre-rehearsal.

Boundary surveying refers to the surveying of administrative region and land parcel boundaries, boundary points, and important boundary marker facilities. The purpose is to confirm the location and orientation of administrative boundaries and provide basic data for government boundary management at all levels.

The purpose of the national place name census is to ascertain the basic information of place names, improve the standardization level of place names, strengthen the construction of place name information services, and provide comprehensive and accurate place name information to society.

Surveying work carried out for road design, construction, and other purposes, including line stake-out, cross-sections and longitudinal sections, leveling and elevation surveying, as well as surveying of bridges, culverts, etc. It mainly includes highway engineering, railway surveying, and subway surveying.

The application of surveying and mapping in the transportation industry is mainly reflected in enhancing the digitalization level of highway design and construction, promoting smart construction, and optimizing the surveying and mapping processes.

Smart agriculture takes cloud computing as its core, fully leverages the Internet of Things and mobile Internet, and integrates network communication technologies into all aspects of agriculture, forming a new management paradigm based on intelligent agricultural management and services.

Surveying, mapping, and geographic information can provide a large amount of valuable reference data for crop yield estimation, natural disaster monitoring, soil and water conservation research, and biodiversity assessment. It also supports the official rural land contractual management rights registration.

Cultural heritage is the trace of human activities over thousands of years, containing a wealth of historical information. However, many relics have been affected by environmental factors or damaged by human activities, resulting in the continuous loss of historical information.

Safeguarding millennia of human history from environmental damage via digital virtual restoration is critical. By digitalizing ancient relics, we ensure lost civilizations are preserved indefinitely within a modern cultural tourism metaverse.

Emergency surveying and mapping support services are an essential foundational work throughout the entire process of emergency prevention, response, handling, and recovery of sudden events.

They constitute an important component of the national emergency response system for sudden events. Strengthening the capacity building of emergency surveying and mapping support services is essential to better serve the emergency management of sudden disasters.

Smart City refers to the use of information and communication technology means to sense, analyze, and integrate key information from the core systems of urban operations, thereby enabling intelligent responses to various demands including people's livelihoods, environmental protection, and public safety.

With the continuous development and application of advanced information technologies such as the Internet of Things and cloud computing, cities are progressively transforming into a world interconnected by systems, evolving into "smart cities" that integrate numerous concepts and technologies.